While it is most commonly diagnosed in children, many adults continue to experience its challenges, often without realizing that ADHD is the underlying cause of their struggles.

ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning. While occasional distraction and restlessness are common in everyone, individuals with ADHD experience these symptoms at a much higher intensity, making it difficult to stay organized, complete tasks, or manage their emotions effectively.

There are three main types of ADHD. The inattentive type is marked by difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, and trouble following through with tasks. People with this form of ADHD often lose things, struggle with organization, and may appear absent-minded.

 The hyperactive-impulsive type is characterized by excessive movement, impulsive decision-making, and difficulty waiting for one’s turn. Individuals with this type may talk excessively, interrupt others, or act without thinking. The combined type, which is the most common, includes symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, making daily life even more challenging.

One of the biggest myths about ADHD is that it only affects children. While symptoms often emerge in childhood, many individuals continue to experience them well into adulthood. However, because hyperactivity may become less visible with age, many adults go undiagnosed. Instead of running around or fidgeting constantly, they may struggle with inner restlessness, chronic procrastination, difficulty managing responsibilities, and impulsive behaviours that affect their work or personal life.

Another misconception is that ADHD is simply a result of laziness or a lack of discipline. In reality, ADHD is linked to differences in brain function, particularly in areas responsible for impulse control, focus, and executive functioning. People with ADHD often want to complete tasks but find it difficult to structure their time and attention effectively. This is not due to a lack of effort but rather a neurological condition that requires proper support and management.

Many adults with ADHD remain undiagnosed because their symptoms are mistaken for personality traits or bad habits. They may be labeled as careless, forgetful, or irresponsible without realizing that their struggles stem from a medical condition.

Unlike children, adults with ADHD may not display obvious hyperactivity, but they often battle chronic disorganization, difficulty prioritizing tasks, impulsive spending, or trouble maintaining relationships.

These challenges can have long-term consequences, especially in professional settings. Many adults with ADHD struggle with meeting deadlines, switching jobs frequently, or feeling overwhelmed by work responsibilities. At home, they may forget important dates, leave household chores unfinished, or experience conflicts due to impulsive behaviour.

Despite these struggles, ADHD also brings unique strengths. Many individuals with the condition are highly creative, energetic, and able to think outside the box. Their ability to hyper-focus on tasks they find interesting allows them to excel in certain careers, particularly in dynamic fields that require innovation and quick thinking.

Although there is no cure for ADHD, there are various ways to manage its symptoms and improve daily functioning. Medication is one of the most common treatments, with stimulant and non-stimulant options available to help regulate attention and impulse control. However, medication is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and many individuals benefit from behavioral therapy, which helps them develop coping mechanisms and better time management skills.

Lifestyle changes also play a crucial role in managing ADHD. Regular physical exercise has been shown to improve focus and reduce impulsivity, as it helps regulate dopamine levels in the brain. A structured daily routine, including the use of planners, reminders, and to-do lists, can help individuals stay on top of their tasks. Additionally, mindfulness and meditation techniques have been found to improve concentration and reduce stress, allowing individuals with ADHD to regain control over their thoughts and actions.

Understanding ADHD is essential for creating a more inclusive and supportive society. In educational settings, children with ADHD need patience and tailored learning strategies rather than punishment for behaviors beyond their control. Teachers and parents should focus on structured guidance and positive reinforcement to help these children succeed academically and socially.

In the workplace, employers should recognize that individuals with ADHD bring unique strengths to the table. They thrive in fast-paced environments and excel in roles that require creativity, problem-solving, and adaptability. Instead of viewing ADHD as a limitation, workplaces can implement strategies to help employees manage their challenges while capitalizing on their strengths.

Beyond schools and workplaces, society as a whole must work toward reducing the stigma surrounding ADHD. Many individuals feel ashamed or frustrated by their struggles, believing they are simply not trying hard enough. By fostering awareness and understanding, we can create an environment where people with ADHD feel empowered rather than discouraged.

ADHD is more than just being easily distracted or hyperactive. It is a neurological condition that affects people in diverse ways, presenting both challenges and strengths. While ADHD can make daily life difficult, proper management strategies, support systems, and awareness can help individuals navigate their struggles successfully.

Instead of viewing ADHD as a setback, society should embrace the unique abilities and perspectives that individuals with ADHD bring to the world. By shifting the focus from stigma to empowerment, we can ensure that those with ADHD are given the tools they need to reach their full potential.

Belly fat or visceral fat, is the fat that accumulates around the  abdomen. It is different from subcutaneous fat which is the stored under the skin. 

The societal pressure for women to have flat stomach and toned abs often leads to feeling of insecurity and self doubt. Many women experience frustration as they witness the stubborn nature of belly fat which seem to resist all the attempts to shed it. This struggle not only impacts on the physical appearance but also takes a toll on their mental emotion well being.

Fat is also more dangerous as it increases the risk of heart diseases, diabetis and other health conditions.

Reasons why women struggle with belly fat include hormonal fluctuations during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy and menopause. Women's bodies undergo significant hormonal changes that can lead to an increase in belly fat.

Other reasons are stress and poor sleep quality. They can also contribute to the accumulation of belly fat.

To combat belly fat, women should go on maintaining a health lifestyle.This includes a balanced diet rich in fruit, vegetables, lean protein and whole grains and engaging in regular physical activity.Strength training exercises such as squates and lunges can help build muscle mass and boost metabolism which can aid in fat loss.

Techniques such as yoga, meditation and deep breathing exercises can help reduce  stress and low cortisole levels.Adequate sleep is also essential for overall health and can help regulate hormones and metabolism.

The struggle with belly fat is not just a physical battle but also a reflection of societal pressure and unrealistic expectations placed on women. It is crucial to organise and address the emotional and mental aspects of this journey, supporting women and their quest for healthier self-image and positive relationship with their body.

As we strive for inclusivity and  body positivity, let us champion women in their struggle and celebrate their resillience in the face of societal norms.

For many students in Kenya, the transition from high school to university comes with newfound freedom but also more responsibilities. The struggle to balance coursework, part-time jobs, and personal life can be overwhelming to a common comrade who is struggling with financial struggles.

Jane, a second-year student at Chuka University, recalls her battle with anxiety. “At one point, I couldn’t sleep or concentrate on my studies. The pressure was too much,” she says. Like many students, Jane found it difficult to seek help due to the stigma surrounding mental health.

According to a recent study by the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), 60% of university students experience significant stress, with 30% showing symptoms of depression. Despite these alarming statistics, mental health services remain inadequate in many institutions. This has led to many university comrades engaging themselves with drug and alcohol abuse. Most of them do this aiming to relieve themselves and reduce stress. They rarely concentrate with their studies and thus leading to dropping out of the institutions.

Universities and policymakers must prioritize mental health by introducing counseling programs, awareness campaigns, and peer support groups. Parents and educators must also play a role in encouraging open discussions about mental well-being of their sons and daughters who are at higher education institutions. This will bring hope and a brighter future to their children.

As society acknowledges the importance of mental health, it is crucial to break the stigma and provide support systems to ensure that students thrive academically and emotionally.

From the first confirmed case in March 2020, the virus spread rapidly, prompting the government to implement strict containment measures to curb infections. While Kenya managed to control the spread over time, the crisis exposed gaps in public health infrastructure and emergency preparedness, leading to long-term reforms in the health sector. 

Kenya’s initial response included nationwide lockdowns, curfews, school closures, and restrictions on gatherings and travel. The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with international agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), spearheaded public awareness campaigns on hygiene, mask-wearing, and social distancing.

However, these measures also had severe economic and social consequences, with businesses shutting down, job losses increasing, and vulnerable populations struggling to access basic needs. 

The healthcare sector faced immense pressure, with hospitals experiencing a surge in patients requiring oxygen therapy and intensive care. The government set up additional isolation and treatment centres and procured emergency medical supplies, but shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilators, and trained healthcare personnel remained a challenge. 

Frontline health workers bore the brunt of the crisis, with many contracting the virus due to inadequate protective measures.

The vaccination rollout, launched in early 2021, played a crucial role in reducing severe cases and fatalities. Kenya received vaccines through the global COVAX initiative, as well as bilateral agreements with countries like India and China. While initial hesitancy slowed uptake, community outreach and education programs helped boost public confidence in vaccines. By 2023, a significant portion of the adult population had received at least two doses, contributing to herd immunity and a decline in infections.

Corona Virus Vaccine 

Beyond health, the pandemic had a devastating effect on Kenya’s economy. The tourism, hospitality, and transport sectors were among the hardest hit, with businesses closing and thousands losing jobs. The government introduced stimulus packages, tax relief measures, and cash transfers to support affected citizens, but recovery has been slow, with many businesses struggling to regain stability. 

Education was another sector severely disrupted, with schools remaining closed for months, forcing a shift to online learning. However, digital inequalities meant that children from low income families, especially in rural areas, had limited access to virtual education. The government eventually implemented phased school reopenings, with measures such as social distancing and mandatory mask-wearing to protect students and teachers. 

The pandemic also highlighted issues of corruption in public health spending. Investigations into the Kenya Medical Supplies Authority (KEMSA) revealed mismanagement of COVID-19 funds, with allegations of inflated procurement deals and misappropriation of emergency resources. This sparked public outrage and calls for greater transparency in health sector financing. 

As Kenya moves forward, lessons from COVID-19 have informed policy changes, including increased investment in healthcare infrastructure, enhanced disease surveillance systems, and improved crisis preparedness. The pandemic underscored the importance of strengthening local vaccine production, expanding medical research, and integrating digital health solutions to improve service delivery. 

While Kenya has largely recovered from the pandemic, its effects are still being felt in various sectors.The government and stakeholders continue to implement reforms aimed at building a more resilient healthcare system, ensuring that the country is better prepared for future pandemics and public health emergencies. 

The delay has been felt since last year following a 90-day foreign aid freeze by American President Donald Trump after he won the November election and boisterously started his second four-year term. A severe shortage of the life-saving medicines is being felt in health clinics countrywide.

The HIV drugs were to be distributed to the hospitals nationwide in January. This was stalled as President Trump's aid suspension took effect on January 20. The drugs cannot be released as the Ministry of Health is waiting for the National Treasury to allocate Sh1.2 billion for the distribution to the counties.

Medicines worth Sh3.88 billion, which are part of the United States President's Emergency Plan for Aids Relief (Pepfar), are stuck at the Mission for Essential Drugs and Supplies warehouse as patients scramble for the lifesaving medication.

Should the drugs not be released on time, there will be terrible consequences, including more children getting infected by HIV. It is a mockery of health service delivery to have stocks of drugs that would-be beneficiaries cannot get.

This is disappointing as Kenya has the seventh-largest number of people living with HIV in the world, some 1.4 million, according to health experts. Pepfar funds 40 per cent of the country's HIV drugs and other supplies.

The clampdown by President Trump on the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has left a huge gap in Kenya's HIV management. The most affected areas include the workforce in HIV services to which USAID contributed Sh5.8 billion.

The government should take control of the procurement.

Cervical cancer is a disease linked to high-risk infections of Human papillomaviruses (HPV). This includes persistent infections causes abnormal cells to develop gradually changing the cervical DNA. Without proper treatment in the cervix (womb), it causes 95% of the cervical cancer in women. 

It takes 15-20 years for the abnormal cells to develop and become cancer leading to cancer related deaths increase in Kenya and globally. Reports shows that eight women die everyday due to cervical cancer in which Kenya has recorded high incidence of cervical cancer with an estimated 5,236 new cases and 3211 deaths annually.

This disease being a concern after the breast cancer puts elderly sexually active women at risk because skin to skin contact, oral or anal sex involving genital areas contributes to the infections. Cervical cancer is characterized with few or no symptoms but causes pain in the pelvis area, and during sexual intercourse. 

It is also characterized by discomfort in the vaginal area, irregular than usual menstrual cramps, abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge with a foul smell. 

Other symptoms are nausea, back pain and fatigue. The risk factors concluding to the disease include weak immune systems, smoking which damages cervical cells, long term use of oral contraceptives, having multiple sexual partners and lastly having multiple full term pregnancies and giving birth at a very early age.

The low socio-economic status that makes it hard to access to health care reflects major inequities driven by lack of treatment services.

Prevention is better. Right? Different prevention strategies have been considered such as the administration of prophylactic vaccine against HPV. Screening from 25 years of age and after every 5 years is done when early detection of the disease and proper treatment cures cervical cancer.

The HPV vaccination is given at the age of 9-14 years. Treatment steps that have been introduced in Kenya include thermal ablation, cryotherapy, which basically freezing and burning of the cells to kill them completely, (LEETZ) Large Loop Excision of the transformation zone and Cone biopsy which are the major achievements in helping to combat the disease with the help of World Health Organizations (WHO).

Apart from medical treatment and diagnosis to cure cervical cancer, the Kenyan government provides necessary resources to conduct public awareness, education on the prevention and about the disease and access to HPV vaccine to also done in rural areas who can be ignorant and may have limited access to medical facilities.

Education provides information about the disease to avoid ignorance and stigmatization of cervical cancer patients. Total gratitude to the World Health Organization who have organized strategies to achieve healthy measures to prevent and treat cervical cancer.

In conclusion cervical cancer is preventable and treatable thus Kenya being a third world country with shortage of healthcare resources and facilities urges its population to consider early vaccination and early detection that will help reduce deaths of many women from this disease. The government and Kenyan population are therefore working together to deal with this situation as the governmental funds for health are set aside to fight death rates of Kenyan women. With time, cervical cancer can be averted and treated.

Questions run unanswered as the local mwananchi has to know why it is impossible to get proper treatment in the hospital despite them having been registered to SHA.The Catholic Bishops of Kenya have also posed a question asking the government to give adequate information to the public about the policy."SHA is not working Catholic Hospitals owe the government a lot of money because the government has not been disbursing money.We need enough information we as the public about this policy," Archbishop Anthony Muheria said.

     

The cabinet secretary of Health, Deborah Mulongo answered the Catholic Bishops of Kenya that the ministry's unwillingness to settle debts owed to the faith based hospital accrued under the defunct National Health Insurance Fund.

    

The scholars perceive SHA as a policy that is working despite them not receiving quality treatment from huge deduction which is made on their salaries.Non-scholars are complaining out here because their unattended in hospitals when their in need of treatment.They are preferring the old policy, NHIF to SHA.The choice between NHIF and SHA ultimately depends on individual needs while NHIF offers broad accessibility and government backing,SHA provides tailored coverage with flexibility.Understanding their strengths ensures you get the best healthcare protection for the future.

 

Lymphoma is categorized into two main types Hodgkin which is characterized by the presence of Reed Sternberg cells(large abnormal cells) and Non-Hodgkin which comprises a diverse group of blood cancers that do not have these specific cells.

Common symptoms of lymphoma include fever,night  sweats , swollen lymph nodes ,fatigue and unexplained weight loss.However,these symptoms can also be an indication of other conditions , making early diagnosis challenging.Its important for individuals to consult health care providers if experience persistent symptoms as early detection can significally improve treatment outcomes.

Treatment of lymphoma varies based on the type and stage of the disease. Common approaches include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immuno treatment.Researchers also exploring innovative treatments, including CAR T-Cell therapy,which has shown promise in treating certain types of non- Hodgkin lymphoma.

Living with lymphoma can be emotionally and physically taxing. Support systems including family, friends and support groups play a vital role in helping patients cope with the challenges of the disease.Many organizations such as Lymphoma Research Foundation provide resources and community connections for patients and their families.

As research on Lymphoma continues to evolve , awareness campaign aim to educate the public about the disease, events like lymphoma months highlight the importance of early detection and ongoing support for patients and their families.

The exploration of lymphoma disease reveals both the challenges and advancements in understanding this complex condition. . The resilience of those affected by lymphoma, along with the support from medical professionals and communities, bring about the importance of awareness and research. As we continue to advocate for better resources and education, it is essential to remember that every story of survival and struggle contributes to a greater understanding of lymphoma, fostering hope for future breakthrough .

 Yet, in today's fast paced world, sleep is often the first thing to be sacrificed. Worse , some people work all 24 hours and they end up messing health wise.

We treat sleep as a luxury rather than necessity. Behind the scene, sleep wields a silent power-one that shapes our mental clarity , emotional stability and physical well-being in  ways we often underestimate.

Sleep is more than even rest. It is not simply a pause button on our lives. It is an important process that fuels every aspect of our being. While we are asleep, our bodies go through crucial repair and regeneration.The brain clears out toxins, consolidates memories and strengthens neutral connection. And when we wake up,  we have refreshed minds.

Dr Emily Carter, a sleep specialist, explains sleep is like a power reset for the body. Its during these hours that we process emotions, restore our energy and regulate hormones. Missing just few hours of sleep can set a chain reaction of negative effect.It may increase risks of health diseases,  diabetes, obesity and even mental disorders like anxiety and depression. Loss of sleep impairs or rather affects decision making, reduces creativity and makes us prone to mood swings.

When you stay a night without sleeping you will ever feel irritable after that night.Your brain will struggle to function without proper recovery. Also, long term consistent sleep loss can accelerate aging, weaken immunity and contribute to burnout.If we prioritize sleep we will have great improvement  even in how we work and also how we carry ourselves  out. By doing so one has to stick to sleep schedule; that is going to bed on time. Also create a restful environment. Dark, quite and cool room signals your brain that it's time to unwind.And lastly, being mindful of caffeine and heavy metals that can interfere with sleep quality.

For the sake of good health and  proper decision making  consider to prioritize sleep.

Early detection can mean the difference between a simple procedure and a grueling  fight, yet awareness remains low.That regret stings when advanced stages demand more than just hope.

Routine screening like mammograms are a game changer, but too few women and girls prioritize them.Doctors push these checks  especially  for those with a genetic risk, as catching  cancer late  often leads to intense breast cancer treatment  options like chemotherapy.

What could've been a manageable  fix turns into a major ordeal, all because  timing was off.It's a wake-up call to act fast.

Late diagnosis  thrust patients into a world of high-stakes care. Advanced breast cancer treatment might  mean targeted drugs or mastectomy, both carrying big price tags and bigger emotional toil. Those who've been there kick themselves  for not acting sooner, knowing early steps  could've eased the burden. Hindsight is brutal  when health is on the line .

The lesson? Don't wait for people who have  battled breast cancer say they'd give anything to have started with self exams or a doctor's visit before it escalated .The right breast cancer treatment at the earliest stage can rewrite your story from tragedy to triumph.Take charge. Your future self will thank you.

At the heart of the crisis is the freeze of foreign aid, particularly from the United States, which has been a major donor to Kenya’s HIV response. For years, the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has played a crucial role in ensuring the availability of ARVs, funding up to 70% of Kenya’s HIV treatment programs. However, with recent political and financial constraints, aid has been delayed, leaving essential medication stranded in warehouses while patients across the country struggle to access their daily doses.

The impact of this disruption has been devastating. Many HIV-positive individuals, who have depended on consistent medication to suppress the virus and maintain their health, now find themselves on the brink of treatment failure. In counties such as Kisumu, Homa Bay, and Siaya—areas with some of the highest HIV prevalence rates—hospitals and clinics have reported dwindling supplies, with some completely running out of medication. Patients are being forced to ration their pills, skipping doses in an effort to make their remaining stock last longer.

For many, this is a life-threatening situation. Consistent use of ARVs is crucial in managing HIV, as interruptions can lead to drug resistance, making treatment less effective over time. Additionally, those who are unable to take their medication risk an increase in viral load, which not only endangers their health but also raises the likelihood of transmission to others. This is a major setback in the country’s fight against the epidemic, considering that Kenya had made significant progress in reducing new infections in recent years.

The psychological toll on those affected is just as severe. Many HIV-positive individuals are already grappling with stigma and discrimination, and the added uncertainty of not knowing when or where they will get their next dose has intensified their anxiety. Support groups and community-based organizations have been receiving an influx of distress calls, with many patients expressing fears of being forced back to the dark days when HIV was a death sentence due to lack of access to treatment.

The crisis has also put healthcare workers in a difficult position. Doctors and nurses at public health facilities are overwhelmed, having to turn away desperate patients due to the shortage. Some are resorting to prescribing alternative ARV regimens, but these substitutes are not always suitable for all patients. Reports have emerged of healthcare providers facing emotional breakdowns as they witness the suffering of their patients, unable to offer a long-term solution.

Activists and civil society organizations have been vocal in demanding urgent intervention from the government and international donors. Protests have erupted in various parts of the country, with demonstrators calling on authorities to prioritize the release and distribution of the stranded medication. The Kenya Network of Positive Teachers (KENEPOTE) and other advocacy groups have petitioned the Ministry of Health to provide clear communication on when the crisis will be resolved, arguing that lives are on the line with each passing day.

In response, the Kenyan government has acknowledged the crisis but has cited logistical challenges in resolving it. Officials claim they are in discussions with donors to expedite the release of funds and medication, but little tangible action has been seen on the ground. Meanwhile, healthcare experts warn that if the situation is not addressed soon, Kenya could see a resurgence of HIV-related complications and deaths, undoing years of progress made in fighting the epidemic.

As the days go by, the reality for many HIV-positive Kenyans remains bleak. Without immediate intervention, the country risks facing not just a health emergency, but a humanitarian crisis. The fate of thousands now hangs in the balance, with their survival dependent on whether the government and global partners can step up and prevent what could be a catastrophic setback in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

Recent reports indicate a significant rise in mental health disorders among Kenyans youth. Conditions such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse are becoming increasingly prevalent, with some individual as young as 12 seeking professional help. Dr. Esther Wanjiru, a clinical psychologist in Nairobi,  emphasizes, “The situation is dire, and its only getting worse. We are seeing an alarming rise in the 

number of young people seeking help for mental health related problems.”

Several factors contribute to this crisis:

1)Stigma: mental health remains a taboo topic in many Kenyan communities. There is a belief that these 

issues are a sign of weakness or lack of willpower, rather than legitimate medical conditions. This stigma 

discourages young people from seeking the help they need.

2)Limited resources: despite the growing need, mental health services are underfounded. A mere 1% of the national health budget is allocated to mental health, leading to a shortage of trained professionals 

and inadequate facilities.

The consequences of this neglect are profound. Suicide rates among Kenyan youth have increased by 20% over the past five years. Additionally, there’s surge in cases of depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders. These conditions not only affect the individuals but also have ripple affects on families and communities.

Addressing this silent epidemic requires a multifaceted approaches namely. This includes destigmatization. Community leaders, educators and media outlets must work together to change perceptions about mental health. Open dialogues can help normalize seeking help.

Even with these high numbers, a big percentage of patients are on dialysis. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the leading causes of kidney disease.The rising prevalence of these conditions has contributed to the increasing number of kidney disease cases. 

However other risk factors such as heart disease and smoking also play a role.Aging is another significant factor. Studies have shown that after the age of 40, kidney function tends to decline by approximately one percent each year. This is farther compounded by our western diets, which are often high in salt, lack of physical exercise and environmental pollution.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF KIDNEY DISEASE AND HOW THEY AFFECT KIDNEY FUNCTION

Kidney diseases can either be acute or chronic.Acute kidney disease occurs in very sick patients.This causes a sudden loss of kidney function.In  most cases, patients usually get well within a few days but urgent treatment, including dialysis,is needed as they  wait full recovery.Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)on the other hand refers to the progressive loss of kidney function over a long period.Those at the highest risk of CKD are people with hypertension, diabetes, obesity and family history of the disease.

HOW HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES DAMAGE KIDNEY

Hypertension and diabetes are dangerous because they damage the small blood vessels inside the kidney.This makes it hard for the kidneys to filter waste and extra water from the blood. "If you don't control your blood sugar and blood pressure, you're slowly damaging your kidneys without fealing any pain,"

"Most people don't know they are affected by kidney disease until it's too late,"says Dr Angela Mwangi, a nephrologist based in  Nairobi."By the time symptoms like swelling of feet , fatigue and difficulty in urinating appear,the kidneys are already badly damaged,"explains Dr.Mwangi.

For urban dwellers, stress, unhealthy fast food, and lack of exercise are driving these diseases. For rural communities, the use of salty processed foods and lack of regular check-ups are increasing risks. And for youth, it's becoming more common to see early signs of these diseases because of poor diet, smoking, alcohol, and lack of physical activities 

HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM KIDNEY DISEASES 

The good news is kidney disease is preventable if you act early. Here's how everyone — whether in town, school, or village — can protect themselves:

1. Check your blood pressure and sugar levels regularly, even if you feel healthy.

2. Reduce salt and sugar intake — avoid too much processed food, soda, and snacks.

3. Eat more natural foods — fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and drink plenty of water.

4. Exercise regularly — walking, running, farming activities, or even home workouts.

5. Avoid smoking and cut down on alcohol.

6. Seek medical help early if you notice signs like swollen feet, tiredness, or changes in urination.

A CALL FOR MORE AWARENESS

Health experts are calling for more public education so that Kenyans — both young and old — understand how dangerous and expensive kidney diseases can be.

"It’s not just a hospital issue, it’s a community issue," says Dr. Mwangi. "If we don’t act now, we’ll see more people on dialysis machines, and many families can't afford that."

Whether you're a student, a city worker, or a farmer, protect your kidneys by taking care of your blood pressure and sugar levels — because kidney disease doesn’t care where you live or how old you are.

There are different types of breast cancer including invasive and non invasive forms. Invasive breast cancer means the cancer cells have spread beyond the breast ducts or lobules into nearby tissues while non invasive breast cancer remains contained within its place of origin. Some cancer types grow slowly while others spread quickly and are more aggressive. This is why early detection and treatment are so important. 

Any woman can develop breast cancer but some are at a higher risk. Factors like age, family history of breast cancer and those who smoke or drink excessively are more likely to develop the disease. Obesity especially after menopause is another major risk factor because fat tissue produces oestrogen which can promote the growth of certain types of breast cancer.

Hormonal influences also contribute to breast cancer risk. Women who started menstruating earlier before the age of 12 or reached menopause later after 55 years have prolonged exposure to oestrogen increasing their risk.

Those who have never given birth and had their first child after 30 years or have used Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT)for an extended period may also have a slightly higher risk. 

Breast Cancer usually begins in the milk ducts or lobules which are the glands that produce milk. It can spread to surrounding tissues and in advanced cases to other organs such as the lungs, liver, or bones. If breast cancer spreads, it often affects the lymph nodes under the arm first before moving to other parts of the body like liver and lungs. This process is called Metastasis and makes treatment more challenging. 

Detecting cancer before it spreads gives a much better chance of successful treatment and survival. 

Early detection is crucial. Women should be aware of the symptoms such as lumps in the breast, changes in the breast size or shape, nipple discharge and pain that does not go away. Doctors recommend that women aged 40 years and older should undergo regular mamograms which are X-rays screening that can detect cancerous growths even before symptoms appear. 

If a woman has a family history of breast cancer and other risks factors, she may need to start screening earlier. 

Breast Cancer can be life threatening but early detection and treatment improve survival rates. Many women do not seek medical help because they lack awareness or fear the diagnosis. Spreading knowledge about symptoms, risk factors and screening methods can save lives.

Educational campaigns encourage women to get regular check ups, recognize warning signs and adopt healthier lifestyles. Government and organisation worldwide promote Breast Cancer Awareness in the month of October spreading information and offering free or low cost screening services. The pink ribbon has become a global symbol of solidarity and support for those affected by the disease. Breaking the stigma around breast cancer and discussing it openly can also encourage women to seek medical attention. 

While breast cancer cannot always be prevented, women can reduce their risk by maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, limiting alcohol consumption and avoiding smoking.

Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and hormone therapy. Doctors chose the best treatment based on stage of cancer and patient's health. If breast cancer is diagonised, treatment options depend on the stage and type of cancer. Common treatments include:

-Chemotherapy: using high drugs that kill cancer cells throughout the body 

-Radiation: using high energy rays to destroy cancer cells.

-Hormone Therapy:used for hormone -sensitive breast cancers to block oestrogen and slow cancer growth 

-Surgery: removing the tumor or the entire breast. 

The treatment plan varies for each patient and doctors decide based on factors like the stage of cancer, the patients overall health and their personal preferences. 

Breast cancer is a serious health issue but with the awareness, regular check ups and healthy lifestyle, women can reduce their risk and detect the disease early.

If you notice unusual changes in your breast, consult a doctor immediately. Early actions can save lives. With continued awareness, research and medical advancements, the fight against breast cancer is stronger than ever. Encourage the women in your life to get screened and spread awareness -It could make all the difference.

Beyond the joyful lecture hall, a silent and unseen burden is unfolding leaving behind invisible scars. A spectral metal health crisis with a chilling intensity looms over Kenyan University casting a suffocating shadow. 

We as students are shouldering heavy burdens of academic failure, financial anxiety and the urge to meet societal expectations. The intense academic atmosphere creates a breeding ground of anxiety and depression that constantly reminds us of the need to excel without failing.

It's not just the academic pressure though that's the driving factor. The unceasing pursuit of good grades and looming threat of unemployment after graduation weighs heavily on our minds. But it's more than that.  It's the financial hardship caused by the rising cost of living, forcing students to juggle between dreams and bills through side hustle. The part time jobs leaves a little time for rest, a basic self-care need. 

Then there is the societal expectation to reach the idealized standards of success, the perfection portrayed on social media fuels feelings of inadequacy.

Take for instance the story of Esther a second year student taking Communication Studies as a course in Chuka University, "My day starts at 5:00 a.m. I manage an online clothing store where I have to handle orders and delivery before classes. During breaks, I respond to customers and proceed to create content to market my business. I schedule my study hours to late evening but sometimes this proves difficult as I pack orders till late-night.

Esther's story is echoed by countless other students. We are a generation that has to be self-reliant due to lack of financial support by our families.

Thestigma surrounding mental health in Kenya further intensifies the problem as many students fear to seek help as they fear judgment. They suffer in silence. The consequence of this silence in the alarming rise of student suicide, anxiety and depression.

University is still struggling with how to address the pandemic. Though counselling services are offered, they are unable to meet the growing demand. Mental health campaigns are often insufficient. We need more than just awareness. We need action. We need support where students feel safe to seek help with without fear of stigmatization.

We as students have an important role to play. We need to break the silence by having honest conversations and supporting each other to create a community where no one feels left out. We need to prioritize self-care and recognize signs of distress.

 While individual responsibility is important "kidole kimoja hakivunji chawa". This Swahili expression highlights the effectiveness of collective responsibility. Universities and government must step up in providing more trained counselors and integrating mental health education in the curriculum.

The mental issue is a ticking time bomb that threatens to wipe an entire generation. We cannot ignore it anymore. We need to create an environment that natures student well-being both academically and emotionally.

 We are more than students. We are human beings and our mental health matters. We are the future of Kenya. We deserve a nation that sees mental well-being as a right and not a privilege.

From collapsing hospitals to striking doctors, lack of essential medicines, and rampant corruption, the healthcare system in most counties has become a shadow of its intended purpose. While governors boast of new hospitals and ambulances, the people at the grassroots—expectant mothers, the elderly, and accident victims—are left to suffer in silence.

At the heart of the crisis is the continuous standoff between county governments and healthcare workers. Doctors and nurses go months without pay, pushing them to strike repeatedly. In places like Embu, Kisumu, and Vihiga, hospitals have been shut down due to unresolved salary arrears.

“I have not been paid for four months, yet I am expected to show up and treat patients,” says one Dr. Wanjiku, a medical officer in a county referral hospital. “We work under extreme conditions, and when we complain, we are threatened with dismissal.”

The irony? Governors and health executives continue to draw fat salaries while hospitals struggle with basic operations. Patients are often turned away or forced to buy medicine from private pharmacies because county hospitals lack stock.

A closer look at most county budgets reveals a worrying trend: billions allocated for health services often disappear without a trace. Auditor General reports have repeatedly flagged misappropriation of health funds, yet little action is taken.

Take, for example, a county that allocated KSh. 500 million for the construction of a modern ICU facility. Five years later, the project remains a ghost structure, while critically ill patients are referred to Nairobi or Eldoret for treatment.

“The corruption in county health departments is shocking,” says a whistleblower from one of the procurement offices. “Tender cartels inflate costs, purchase expired drugs, or divert funds meant for essential services.”

For patients, the nightmare is real. Public hospitals in most counties are stretched beyond their limits. With doctors on strike or resigning in frustration, clinical officers and nurses are left to handle overwhelming cases.

In some level four hospitals, a single doctor attends to over 50 patients in a day. Maternity wards are overcrowded, forcing women to give birth on benches. Oxygen cylinders run out, dialysis machines are broken, and ambulances are used more for political campaigns than emergencies.

Despite the crisis, some counties have shown that a functioning health system is possible. Makueni and Kisii counties have been praised for implementing universal healthcare programs, where residents can access treatment affordably. The question is, why can’t all counties replicate this?

The solution lies in accountability. Health CSs, governors, and county health executives must be held responsible for every shilling allocated to health services. Medical staff need better pay and working conditions to prevent brain drain. More importantly, the people must demand better.

As Kenya moves towards the 2027 elections, voters must scrutinize leaders who promise improved healthcare. Because, at the end of the day, a failed health system means lives are lost—deaths that could have been prevented.

Devolution was meant to be a blessing, not a curse. But unless county governments fix the mess in healthcare, the suffering of ordinary Kenyans will only deepen. And while governors give speeches about "milestones," the sick continue to queue in long, hopeless lines, waiting for a healthcare system that works.

Understanding the factors contributing to this mental health crisis can help us take proactive steps towards prevention. According to the World Health Organization, suicide is the second leading of cause of death among individuals aged between 15 and 29 years. This alarming statistic underscores the gravity of the mental health crisis on young people. 

Many factors contribute to this trend, including societal pressures, academic stress and the pervasive influence. The rise of social media has transformed how young people interact, but it has also introduced new forms of stress. Cyber bullying can have devastating effects on mental health, leading to feelings of isolation, anxiety and depression. The constant comparison to curated lives portrayed online can exacerbate these feelings, creating an unhealthy cycle. 

Today’s youth face immense pressure to excel academically. The competition for college admissions and scholarships can lead to overwhelming stress. Many young people feel that their self-worth is tied to their academic performance, which can trigger anxiety and depressive symptoms. This pressure often leads to burnout, making it difficult for students to cope. 

Family relationships play a crucial role in a young person's mental health. Issues such as parental conflict, lack of support, or a family history of mental illness can significantly impact a youth's emotional well-being. A nurturing and supportive family environment is vital for healthy development. In contrast, dysfunctional family dynamics can lead to feelings of inadequacy and depression. 

Experiences such as abuse, neglect, or significant loss can have lasting effects on mental health. Many youths carry the burden of trauma without adequate support, leading to feelings of hopelessness and despair. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are linked to a higher risk of mental health disorders later in life. Substance abuse is often both a cause and a consequence of mental health issues. Young people may turn to drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism for their emotional pain, which can lead to a vicious cycle of addiction and worsening mental health. Early intervention is crucial to break this cycle. Cultural pressures, including expectations related to gender roles, body image, and careers success, can create additional stress for young people.

Marginalized groups may face compounded challenges, leading to higher rates of mental health issues. Understanding these dynamics is essential for providing targeted support. 

Recognizing the signs of mental health struggles early can be life-saving. Common indicators include changes in behaviour, withdrawal from friends and activities, declining academic performance, and expressions of hopelessness or worthlessness. 

Creating a robust support system is essential for young people. This can include: a)Open Communication: Encouraging open discussions about feelings and mental health can help reduce stigma and promote understanding. Parents and educators should foster an environment where youth feel safe to express their struggles. b)Professional Help: Access to counsellors and mental health professionals can provide necessary support and intervention. Schools should offer mental health resources and training for staff to identify and assist struggling students. c)Peer Support:Programs that foster peer connections can create a sense of belonging and reduce feelings of isolation. Support groups and mentorship programs can be effective in helping youth navigate their challenges.

Increasing awareness about mental health issues can help reduce stigma and promote understanding. Schools and communities should provide education on mental health, teaching young people about the importance of self-care and where to seek help.Encouraging healthy coping strategies, such as mindfulness, exercise, and creative outlets, can help youth manage stress and emotions more effectively.

Schools can incorporate these practices into their curricula to promote mental well-being.Having accessible crisis intervention resources, such as hotlines and counseling services, is essential. Young people should know where to turn in times of crisis, and communities should work to ensure these resources are well-publicized and easily accessible.

Community involvement can play a significant role in supporting youth mental health. Engaging families, schools, and local organizations in mental health initiatives can create a network of support for young people.The mental health crisis among youth is a multifaceted issue that requires immediate attention and action. By understanding the underlying factors contributing to mental health struggles and implementing supportive measures, we can help prevent tragic outcomes like suicide. It is crucial for parents, educators, and communities to work together to create an environment where young people feel safe, supported, and empowered to seek help when needed.As we move forward, let us prioritize mental health awareness and ensure that every young person has access to the resources they need to thrive. Together, we can foster a culture of understanding, compassion, and resilience, helping our youth navigate the challenges they face and promoting a brighter, healthier future for young people.

What is important is that you continue exercising. Give at least twenty-three to thirty minutes a day to exercise at least three to five times a week. Have a routine, see to it that you have enough physical activity each day.

Secondly a positive attitude can boost your energy, heighten your inner strength, inspire others and fortify you to meet difficult challenges. 

Advice on aerobic, flexibility, strength training and balance exercises help manage and reduce peripheral neuropathy symptoms. Research has shown that strengthening exercises for peripheral neuropathy moderately improves muscle

strength in people with peripheral neuropathy. In addition, exercises to help peripheral neuropathy when done regularly, may reduce neuropathic pain and can help control blood sugar levels.

A comprehensive physical activity routine includes four kinds of activities; aerobic exercises, flexibility, strengthtraining exercise and balance exercise.

In humans, the immune response primarily comes from active immunity, in which antibodies are produced within the body. In addition to immune cells, other components include physical barriers such as the skin, physiological barriers such as the skin, saliva, stomach acid, 

and complement proteins.

Thirdly, healthy lifestyle choices such as consuming a nutritious diet, following a regular steep schedule, minimizing stress, and avoiding unhealthy habits such as smoking can strengthen immunity and reduce the probability of suffering from certain conditions. 

In addition to plant and animal–based foods, water has a vital role in boosting immunity. Staying hydrated keeps mucous membranes moist, cells oxygenated and various systems functioning. Toxins are carried to the kidneys and then the urinary tract before being expelled from the body, whereas dehydration could lead to them building up in the body and causing ilness.Drinking sufficient quantities of water can also prevent urinary tract infections by stopping kidney stones formation. 

Fourth, good nutrition is often the first line of defense to avoid many diseases including peripheral neuropathy. The best way to prevent peripheral neuropathy is to carefully manage any medical condition that puts you at risk. That means controlling blood sugar levels if you have diabetes or talking to your doctor about safe and effective treatments. Drink alcohol responsibly. 

Whether or not you have a medical condition, eat a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.