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Discounts for Data: The Deal Hidden in App Permissions

By ENOCK MAPELO

Second Year BA Journalism and Mass Communication Student at Chuka University 

When Mary Wanjiru downloaded a new shopping app promising huge discounts on everything from electronics to groceries, she checked on "Accept" on the terms and conditions checkbox without reading a single line.
Many users give up their privacy by accepting Terms and Conditions when installing free apps on their phones 

The 28-year-old accountant from Chuka is not alone. Millions of Kenyans tap through “app permissions” daily, granting access to their contacts, cameras, microphone, location, photos, and browsing habits without a second thought. "I just want to use the app," Wanjiru says with a laugh. "Who has time to read all those pages?", she added.

But those unread terms hide a thriving industry. While she hunted for bargains, the app hunted for something far more valuable: her data. Free apps are not really free. They simply charge in a different currency. Instead of shillings, users pay with information about their lives.

Every time someone opens a food delivery app, it notes their location. When they browse products, it tracks their preferences and browsing behaviour. When they chat with friends, it learns their social circles.
This data becomes a detailed profile: from where you live, what you buy, when you shop, who you know and what you search for at any time.

Tech companies sell this information to advertisers. It is a lucrative trade. A single user's data might fetch just a few cents, but multiply that by millions and the numbers grow enormous.

Moses Kimani, a software developer in Meru, explains how it works. "These apps need to make money somehow," he says. "Since users won't pay upfront, they pay by simply becoming the product."

The business model is simple. Offer a useful service for free. Collect vast amounts of user data. Package and sell it to companies desperate to reach specific audiences.
Aloha Dario discovered this reality by accident. The teacher from Kisumu was shopping online when he noticed something odd, an advertisement appeared for the exact dress she had just viewed on another website. "It followed me everywhere," she recalls. "Facebook, Instagram, even YouTube. The same blue dress."

She felt unsettled. Someone was watching her digital footsteps. This is targeted advertising in action. Companies build detailed profiles to show users products they are most likely to buy. The system is eerily accurate.

A man searches for baby clothes once. Suddenly his social media fills with diaper advertisements and parenting advice. A woman googles "diabetes symptoms" and pharmaceutical ads flood her feed.

The technology tracks users across multiple platforms. That game app shares data with that news app. The fitness tracker talks to the shopping site. Everything connects.

John Mwangi runs a small electronics shop in Eldoret. He pays for targeted ads and sees the power firsthand. "I can reach people within five kilometres of my shop who searched for laptops in the last week," he says. "It's incredibly effective."

Yet free apps have genuinely transformed daily life. M-Pesa revolutionized banking for millions. WhatsApp connects families across continents at no cost.

These services have democratized access to tools once reserved for the wealthy. A farmer in Nakuru can check weather forecasts. A student in North Eastern can access learning materials. A trader in Nairobi can manage inventory remotely  from her phone. "I could not run my business without these apps," says Faith Njeri, who sells clothes online. "They have opened opportunities I never imagined."
The benefits are real and significant. But so are the hidden costs.

Some times the system malfunctions with serious consequences. Personal information leaks. Profiles get hacked, and ends up in the wrong hands.

Peter Omondi learnt this lesson painfully. The banker from Nairobi found his phone number on a spam list after using several free apps. Now he receives dozens of unwanted calls daily. "They sell your number to anyone," he says with frustration. "I get calls about loans I never applied for, products I do not need."

More concerning are the psychological effects. Apps designed to be addictive track how long users stay engaged. They learn which notifications work best. They discover the perfect moment to grab attention.
Dr Sarah Kamau, a psychologist in Nairobi, sees the impact in her practice. "These apps are designed to keep you scrolling," she explains. "They use your data to understand what hooks you, then they exploit it."

Young people are particularly vulnerable. Their entire social lives exist on platforms that harvest their every interaction. The real concern is not just what data companies collect, but how little users understand about the exchange.

Most Kenyans do not realise that when they download a free fitness app, they might be sharing their health information with insurance companies. When they use a free game, their children's data might be collected.
The permissions requested often seem harmless. Why does a flashlight app need access to contacts? Why does a game need location services? The reasons are rarely explained clearly. "Companies bury the important stuff in legal jargon," says Diana, the developer. "They know people will not read it."

Some apps collect data even when not in use. They track location in the background. They access microphones and cameras. They monitor every key stroke.The solution is not to abandon free apps entirely. That would mean losing valuable tools and connections. But rather users need awareness.

Technology experts suggest simple steps. Read permissions carefully before granting them. Use privacy settings. Delete apps that request unnecessary access. Check which companies have your data.

Some apps now offer privacy-focused alternatives. They charge a small fee instead of harvesting data. Others allow users to opt out of certain tracking.

Regulation is slowly catching up. Some countries now require clearer privacy policies and give users more control. But enforcement remains weak.

As Wanjiru shops on her discount app, she is beginning to ask questions. "I never thought about where my information goes," she admits. "Maybe I should."

The hidden cost of free apps is not hidden anymore. It is printed in those unread terms and conditions often referred to as “T&Cs”, embedded in those thoughtlessly granted permissions, reflected in those eerily accurate advertisements.

The question is whether knowing the price changes anything. Or whether convenience will always outweigh privacy in the digital marketplace where everyone is both customer and commodity.


When a Nation Believed Again;Harambee Stars CHAN Journey

By VICTOR KIPROTICH LANGAT 

Second Year BA Journalism and Mass Communication Student, Chuka University 

From the first whistle of CHAN 2024, Kenya’s Harambee Stars captured the hearts of millions. Hosting the tournament, receiving support from leaders and celebrities and playing with passion, they proved that football is more than a game. It is hope, pride and unity for a nation.

Harambee Stars celebrate their victory in Africa Nations Championship, CHAN, group stage win against Morocco at Kasarani Stadium in Nairobi on August 10th 2025|FILE

On a warm evening in Nairobi, floodlights illuminated the stadium as thousands of Kenyan voices rose together. Flags waved, drums echoed and the national anthem filled the air. When the Harambee Stars walked onto the pitch, it was more than football; It was hope, pride and unity that rolled into one moment. For fans who were used to disappointment, this felt different. This time, the Stars were playing on home ground  and the whole country was watching.

The African Nations Championship,CHAN, is a tournament reserved for players in local leagues. No foreign-based stars are allowed making it a true test of domestic talent. For Kenya, CHAN 2024 was a chance to prove that local players could compete at a high level. Hosting the tournament was also historic. Stadiums were renovated, roads repaired, security strengthened and hotels prepared for visiting teams and fans. The Kasarani Stadium and Nyayo Stadium became the base for a national celebration.

Preparation of the Harambee Stars began weeks before the opening whistle. Most players came from local clubs, some balanced football with work as police officers or soldiers. Many carried families relying on their earnings. Training sessions were intense  focusing on fitness, teamwork and discipline. Players during camp could be heard saying, “Playing at home gives you strength but it also gives fear because you don’t want to disappoint your people.”

National leaders and celebrities stepped in to motivate the team. The President, William Ruto, visited the squad and praised their dedication. He promised financial rewards for wins and draws and spoke of long-term support including housing programs and post-career opportunities. “You are playing for the pride of the nation,” he said. “Give your best, and the country will stand with you.” Business leaders and former football stars also pledged bonuses and public encouragement  and the effect was real. One player later said, “When people believe in you before you win, it pushes you to go beyond your limits.”

The opening match day arrived with continuous excitement. Streets crowd with fans wearing jerseys and waving flags. Public transport played football songs, vendors sold whistles and scarves. Inside the stadium, families gathered, children painted their faces and elders also active. When the Harambee Stars appeared on the pitch, the roar from the stands was so loud. “This is our time,”  fans shouted.

The matches were tense. Every tackle, pass  and save drew cheers. When Kenya scored, strangers hugged as if they were family. Even in draws, fans left the stadium proud. The team’s determination and unity were clear. After one group-stage game, a coach commented, “This team is learning fast. They are no longer afraid.”

The tournament was also about human stories. One player had recently lost his father but dedicated every minute on the pitch to his memory. Others sent their  match allowances home to support siblings in school. Every  player who rarely appeared celebrated each goal with the same intensity as a scorer. “We win and lose together,”  they said.

As the group stage progressed, the Stars continued to defy expectations. Facing opponents from Morocco, Angola and DR Congo, they played with skill, courage and unity. Fans who could not attend the stadiums gathered at fan zones across cities. In one Nairobi zone fans  watching  said, “They may not win everything but they are fighting for us. That is enough.”

Reaching the quarterfinal was historic. The streets filled with expectations and excitement. Media headlines grew stronger. The match was dramatic, ninety minutes passed without a winner followed by extra time. When the game went to penalties, the tension was unbearable. A missed kick led to silence, some fans wept. Players collapsed, overcome by emotion. One player later admitted, “At that moment, I felt like I had let the whole country down.” Yet the crowd rose, applauding and singing. In defeat, the Harambee Stars received respect, admiration and love.

After elimination, questions arose about promised bonuses and support. Officials reassured the public that rewards would be honored and while some were paid immediately, others became subjects of debate in the media. For the players, however, recognition had already been received. “For the first time,” players said, “people know our names.”

Beyond the pitch, CHAN left a lasting legacy. Hosting improved infrastructure, boosted local football and gave young players role models to emulate. Football academies reported increased interest in training programs, fans spoke of inspiration and hope. Visiting supporters praised Kenya’s hospitality.They said, “Kenya welcomed us like family. This tournament felt special.”

The media praised the Stars’ effort and progress emphasizing that while they had not won the trophy, they had restored belief in Kenyan football. Analysts called it a foundation for future success. Children wore Harambee Stars jerseys to school and young girls and boys dreamed of playing for the national team. CHAN had done more than test local talent, it had reignited the nation’s love for football.

The emotional impact of CHAN extended beyond sports. It reminded Kenyans that hope, pride and unity could emerge from shared experience. The stadiums, fan zones and even homes became spaces where Kenyans celebrated together. For a country often divided by politics and social tension, football provided a rare moment of collective joy.

In the end, the Harambee Stars did not lift the African Nations Championship trophy but they achieved something equally powerful. They united a nation, reminded citizens of the beauty of local talent and inspired young players to pursue their dreams. The team gave Kenyans reason to believe in themselves and in each other once again. Football, in its simplest form, had delivered hope.

As the stadium lights went off and banners were packed away, one truth remained; sometimes victory is measured not in trophies, but in belief. And during CHAN 2024, the Harambee Stars gave Kenya a victory that could never be taken away.


Expect heavy rainfall in Kitui County from Thursday, Met says

By JOHN MUSEMBI 

There will be increased intensity of rainfall downpour in Kitui County from Thursday this week. The Kenya Meteorological Department notes that isolated heavy rainfall events are likely to occur over parts of the county.
Rainfall outlook for Kitui County from March 17-23. |Kenya Meteorological Department

Further, in its March weather forecast,  the Met Department estimates that most places in Kitui are likely to receive near average to above average rainfall.  In the just concluded first half of this month of March,  the weatherman observed that rainfall was enhanced over much of the county. 

However,  the second half of the month is predicted to cause a dry spell affecting maturity of the food crops already planted and being tended. "Dry spells are expected to occur during the second half of the month when the Madden-Julian Oscillation [MJO] is predicted to be in unfavourable phases", said  Kitui County Director of Meteorological Services Dr Daniel Mbithi. 

This latest weather forecast comes against the backdrop of a week-long dry spell that engulfed the county. Farmers are getting worried whether the germinating crops would survive for long if the rains take longer to return. 

Additionally, Mbithi's projection indicates that the rains will be less than 20mm.

The March-April-May rainfall season will peak in April  where it  is expected to be marked by isolated heavy rainfall events in some parts of Kitui county.   The rainfall season will end in May.

Beyond The High: The True Cause of Drug Addiction

By RODA MORAA

Second Year BA Journalism and Mass Communication Student,  Chuka University 

Along the streets surrounding Chuka University, many young people walk with determination, carrying hopes and dreams from different parts of the country. They come seeking education in the calm and serene environment that the university offers. If you are not careful you will end up disappointing yourself ,family and friends .
Some young people struggle with drug and substance abuse.

 For many of these students, joining the university marks the beginning of a new chapter in life. Away from their families and home communities, they are eager to learn, meet new friends, and build careers that will shape their future. The campus is filled with energy as students attend lectures, participate in discussions, and explore opportunities that education brings.

However, behind this promising atmosphere lies a growing concern. Some students are slowly being drawn into drug and substance abuse, commonly referred to as mihadarati. What often begins as curiosity during social gatherings or parties can quickly develop into a harmful habit that affects their academic performance and personal lives.

Experts warn that peer pressure and academic stress are among the main reasons students experiment with drugs. Many young people want to fit into social groups or escape the pressure of coursework and financial struggles. According to the National Authority for the Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse, universities across Kenya continue to face challenges related to drug and substance abuse among students.

Despite the challenges, efforts are being made to address the issue within the university community. Student leaders, counselors, and administrators at Chuka University continue to organize awareness programs and guidance sessions to educate students about the dangers of drug use and encourage responsible decision-making.

For most students, the dream that brought them to the university remains stronger than the challenges they face. By focusing on their studies and supporting each other, they hope to protect the peaceful academic environment of the campus and ensure that their hopes for a brighter future become a reality.

Judged by their Hair: The Persistent Stereotype Around Dreadlocks

By ALPHONCE OTIENO 

Second Year BA Journalism and Mass Communication, Chuka University

Kevin remembers the day clearly. It was a cool morning and he had just arrived for a job interview at an office. He had prepared well. His documents were neatly arranged in a folder and he wore a clean shirt and polished shoes. As he sat in the waiting area, he noticed people looking at him from time to time. Their eyes often paused on his hair before quickly looking away. Kevin wears dreadlocks.

Dreadlocks 

For him, the hairstyle is more than a fashion choice. It is part of his identity and a way of embracing his natural hair. Yet over the years, he has learned that not everyone sees it that way.

“I’ve noticed that the first thing some people look at is my hair,” Kevin says. “Before I even say a word, it feels like they have already formed an opinion about me.”

Across many societies, hair can influence how a person is treated. In workplaces, schools and even public spaces, people with dreadlocks sometimes face judgement before they have the chance to introduce themselves. A simple hairstyle can shape first impressions in powerful ways.

Dreadlocks, however, are far from a modern trend. The hairstyle has existed for centuries in different parts of the world. In many African cultures, locked hair carried cultural or spiritual meaning. It symbolized strength, identity and connection to tradition. For example among the Maasai warriors in Kenya, dreadlocks symbolize strength, courage and a sense of community.  

Over time, dreadlocks also became closely associated with the beliefs of Rastafarianism. Followers of this faith wear dreadlocks as a symbol of spirituality, natural living and resistance to oppression. The global popularity of the hairstyle grew in the 1970s, largely through the music and message of Jamaican reggae legend Bob Marley.

Despite this rich background, stereotypes surrounding dreadlocks have remained. Some employers still view the hairstyle as unsuitable for professional environments. In some schools around the world, students have been told to cut their dreadlocks in order to follow dress codes. These situations often spark debates about identity, culture and personal freedom. Kevin says the judgement does not always come in the form of open criticism. Sometimes it appears in subtle ways.

“People ask questions that sound harmless, but you can tell what they are really thinking,” he explains. “Someone might ask, ‘Is that your real hair?’ or ‘How do you keep it clean?’ It makes you feel like you have to explain yourself.”

He also points out that maintaining dreadlocks requires effort and patience. “Many people think dreadlocks are just hair that you leave alone,” Kevin says. “But that’s not true. It actually takes time and care to keep them neat and healthy.”

For young people especially, the pressure to conform can be strong. Students with dreadlocks sometimes feel they must change their appearance to avoid attention or criticism. Some eventually cut their hair simply to fit in or to avoid trouble with school rules. Kevin remembers moments when he questioned his own decision to keep his dreadlocks.

“There was a time I thought maybe I should cut them,” he admits. “I wondered if life would be easier without them. But then I asked myself why I should change something that represents who I am.”

Instead of giving in to the pressure, Kevin chose to keep his hair and embrace it with confidence. “I realized that my hairstyle doesn’t change my abilities,” he says. “I can still work hard, succeed and be professional. My hair doesn’t stop me from doing any of that.”

In recent years, attitudes toward natural hair have slowly begun to shift. Social media has given people a space to celebrate their natural styles and challenge long-held stereotypes. Photos and personal stories shared online have helped normalize hairstyles that were once criticized.

Public figures have also contributed to the change. Athletes, musicians and professionals in different industries now wear dreadlocks proudly while excelling in their careers. Their visibility has helped reshape public perception.

Even so, the conversation about hair and identity continues. Many people believe judging someone based on their hairstyle reflects deeper cultural biases. For people of African descent especially, hair is closely tied to heritage and self-expression. Kevin believes that real change begins with understanding.

“I just want people to see beyond the hair,” he says. “Talk to me, get to know me and then decide what kind of person I am.”

Over time, he has grown more comfortable with the attention his dreadlocks sometimes bring. “Now I see it differently,” he says with a smile. “If my hair starts a conversation about culture or identity, maybe that’s not such a bad thing.”

Still, he hopes for a future where such conversations are no longer necessary. “One day I hope no one will be surprised to see dreadlocks in an office or a classroom,” Kevin says. “It should just be normal.”

As Kevin walked out of the interview building that morning, he felt hopeful. Whether or not he would get the job, he knew one thing for certain. “At the end of the day,” he says, “I want to be judged by my work and my character and not by my hair.”

And as conversations about identity and acceptance continue to grow, many believe that day may not be too far away.


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